Glossary
Air (or gas) compressor - a machine or apparatus that converts different types of energy into the potential energy of gas (air or other, such as nitrogen) pressure for displacement and compression of gaseous media to any higher pressure values above atmospheric pressure and has a pressure ratio at full-load operating pressure greater than 1.3. Generally in this report, these will be air compressors. (U.S. Department of Energy, 2017)
Air handling - a system of components, including fan and ducting, used to move conditioned air from location to location.
Apparel - industries in the Apparel Manufacturing subsector group establishments with two distinct manufacturing processes: (1) cut and sew (i.e., purchasing fabric and cutting and sewing to make a garment), and (2) the manufacture of garments in establishments that first knit fabric and then cut and sew the fabric into a garment. The Apparel Manufacturing subsector includes a diverse range of establishments manufacturing full lines of ready-to-wear apparel and custom apparel: apparel contractors, performing cutting or sewing operations on materials owned by others; jobbers performing entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture; and tailors, manufacturing custom garments for individual clients are all included. Knitting, when done alone, is classified in the Textile Mills subsector, but when knitting is combined with the production of complete garments, the activity is classified in Apparel Manufacturing. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Belt - a transmission type whereby the motor shaft is connected to the driven equipment through use of a band of flexible material.
Beverage and Tobacco Products - industries in the Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture beverages and tobacco products. The industry group, Beverage Manufacturing, includes three types of establishments: (1) those that manufacture nonalcoholic beverages; (2) those that manufacture alcoholic beverages through the fermentation process; and (3) those that produce distilled alcoholic beverages. Ice manufacturing, while not a beverage, is included with nonalcoholic beverage manufacturing because it uses the same production process as water purification. The industry group, Tobacco Manufacturing, includes two types of establishments: (1) those engaged in redrying and stemming tobacco and, (2) those that manufacture tobacco products, such as cigarettes and cigars. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Chemicals - The Chemical Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of organic and inorganic raw materials by a chemical process and the formulation of products. This subsector distinguishes the production of basic chemicals that comprise the first industry group from the production of intermediate and end products produced by further processing of basic chemicals that make up the remaining industry groups. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Cog belt - a belt type that is toothed and requires the installation of mating grooved sprockets. These are also called synchronous belts. (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012)
Compressed air plant - the air compressor(s) and all ancillary equipment supporting the air compressor(s), such as dryers, receiving/storage tanks, valves, etc.
Computer and Electronic Products - industries in the Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing subsector group establishments that manufacture computers, computer peripherals, communications equipment, and similar electronic products, and establishments that manufacture components for such products. The design and use of integrated circuits and the application of highly specialized miniaturization technologies are common elements in the production technologies of the computer and electronic subsector.
Conveying - transfer of materials and unfinished goods from one location to another within the manufacturing process.
DC motor - direct current motor. Note that advanced motor designs, like permanent magnet and synchronous motors are categorized as AC motors.
Direct shaft - transmission type whereby the motor shaft is directly coupled to the driven equipment and thereby on the same axis of rotation without any change in speed or translation of motion.
Education - buildings used for academic or technical classroom instruction, such as elementary, middle, or high schools, and classroom buildings on college or university campuses. Buildings on education campuses for which the main use is not classroom are included in the category relating to their use. For example, administration buildings are part of “Office,” dormitories are “Lodging,” and libraries are “Public Assembly.” This includes, but is not limited to: elementary or middle school, high school, college or university, preschool or daycare, adult education, career or vocational training, and religious education. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Electrical Equipment and Appliances - Industries in the Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing subsector manufacture products that generate, distribute, and use electrical power. Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing establishments produce electric lamp bulbs, lighting fixtures, and parts. Household Appliance Manufacturing establishments make both small and major electrical appliances and parts. Electrical Equipment Manufacturing establishments make goods, such as electric motors, generators, transformers, and switchgear apparatus. Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing establishments make devices for storing electrical power (e.g., batteries), for transmitting electricity (e.g., insulated wire), and wiring devices (e.g., electrical outlets, fuse boxes, and light switches). (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Exhausting/scrubbing - emissions control through ventilation of polluted, contaminated, or otherwise undesirable air.
Extrusion - a manufacturing process by which material is formed by forcing it through a mold or die.
Fabricated Metal Products - Industries in the Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing subsector transform metal into intermediate or end products, other than machinery, computers and electronics, and metal furniture, or treat metals and metal formed products fabricated elsewhere. Important fabricated metal processes are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and machining, used to shape individual pieces of metal; and other processes, such as welding and assembling, used to join separate parts together. Establishments in this subsector may use one of these processes or a combination of these processes. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Fan/blower - a power-driven machine that moves a continuous volume of air by converting rotational/mechanical energy to an increase in the total pressure of the moving air below a pressure ratio at full load of 1.3. (U.S. Department of Energy, 1989)
Food Products - Industries in the Food Manufacturing subsector transform livestock and agricultural products into products for intermediate or final consumption. The industry groups are distinguished by the raw materials (generally of animal or vegetable origin) processed into food products. The food products manufactured in these establishments are typically sold to wholesalers or retailers for distribution to consumers, but establishments primarily engaged in retailing bakery and candy products made on the premises not for immediate consumption are included. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Food Sales - buildings used for retail or wholesale of food. This includes, but is not limited to: grocery store or food market, gas station with a convenience store, and convenience store. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Food Services - buildings used for preparation and sale of food and beverages for consumption. This includes, but is not limited to: fast food, restaurant or cafeteria, bar, catering service or reception hall, coffee/bagel/doughnut shop, and ice cream/frozen yogurt shop. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Furniture and Related Products - Industries in the Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing subsector make furniture and related articles, such as mattresses, window blinds, cabinets, and fixtures. The processes used in the manufacture of furniture include the cutting, bending, molding, laminating, and assembly of such materials as wood, metal, glass, plastics, and rattan. However, the production process for furniture is not solely bending metal, cutting and shaping wood, or extruding and molding plastics. Design and fashion trends play an important part in the production of furniture. The integrated design of the article for both esthetic and functional qualities is also a major part of the process of manufacturing furniture. Design services may be performed by the furniture establishment’s work force or may be purchased from industrial designers. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Gearbox - a gear assembly/system and its housing used to transmit power.
Health Care: Inpatient - buildings used as diagnostic and treatment facilities for inpatient care. This includes, but is not limited to: hospitals and inpatient rehabilitation. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Health Care: Outpatient - buildings used as diagnostic and treatment facilities for outpatient care. Medical offices are included here if they use any type of diagnostic medical equipment (if they do not, they are categorized as an office building). This includes, but is not limited to: medical office, clinic or other outpatient health care, outpatient rehabilitation, and veterinarian. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Hot water/steam plant - equipment, including boilers, pumps, condensate return tanks, and other, used to generate steam or hot water.
Hydraulic system - a system that relies on pressurized fluids, such as water, to transmit power generated by a motor.
Leather and Allied Products - Establishments in the Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing subsector transform hides into leather by tanning or curing and fabricating the leather into products for final consumption. It also includes the manufacture of similar products from other materials, including products (except apparel) made from “leather substitutes,” such as rubber, plastics, or textiles. Rubber footwear, textile luggage, and plastics purses or wallets are examples of “leather substitute” products included in this group. The products made from leather substitutes are included in this subsector because they are made in similar ways leather products are made (e.g., luggage). They are made in the same establishments, so it is not practical to separate them. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Load factor - the ratio of average motor output power to the motor’s rated power. For example, a motor rated at 100 hp but only operating at 40 hp would have a load factor of 0.4.
Lodging (includes Nursing) - buildings used to offer multiple accommodations for short-term or long-term residents, including skilled nursing and other residential care buildings. This includes, but is not limited to: motel or inn, hotel, dormitory, fraternity or sorority, retirement home, nursing home, assisted living or other residential care, convent or monastery, shelter, orphanage or children’s home, and halfway house. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Machinery - Industries in the Machinery Manufacturing subsector create end products that apply mechanical force, for example, the application of gears and levers, to perform work. Some important processes for the manufacture of machinery are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and machining that are used to shape individual pieces of metal. Processes, such as welding and assembling are used to join separate parts together. Although these processes are similar to those used in metal fabricating establishments, machinery manufacturing is different because it typically employs multiple metal forming processes in manufacturing the various parts of the machine. Moreover, complex assembly operations are an inherent part of the production process. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Material(s) handling - Materials handling includes motor systems that transport materials, such as conveyor motors.
Material(s) processing - Materials processing includes motor systems that use mechanical means to process materials. Examples include grinders, hydraulics, and extruder motors.
Material(s) shaping - physical deformation of materials into a desired shape. Examples include stamping, bending, machining, and forging.
Mercantile: Retail (other than mall) - buildings used for the sale and display of goods other than food. This includes, but is not limited to: retail store, beer/wine/liquor store, rental center, dealership or showroom for vehicles or boats, and studio/gallery. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Mercantile: Enclosed and Strip Malls - Shopping malls comprised of multiple connected establishments. This includes, but is not limited to enclosed malls and strip shopping centers. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Miscellaneous - Industries in the Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector make a wide range of products that cannot readily be classified in specific NAICS subsectors in manufacturing. Processes used by these establishments vary significantly, both among and within industries. For example, a variety of manufacturing processes are used in manufacturing sporting and athletic goods that include products such as tennis racquets and golf balls. The processes for these products differ from each other, and the processes differ significantly from the fabrication processes used in making dolls or toys, the melting and shaping of precious metals to make jewelry, and the bending, forming, and assembly used in making medical products. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Municipal Wastewater Treatment - This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities. This does not include transfer to and away from the wastewater facility. (NAICS Association, No date)
Nonmetallic Mineral Products - The Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector transforms mined or quarried nonmetallic minerals, such as sand, gravel, stone, clay, and refractory materials into products for intermediate or final consumption, such as glass and cement. Processes used include grinding, mixing, cutting, shaping, and honing. Heat often is used in the process and chemicals are frequently mixed to change the composition, purity, and chemical properties for the intended product. For example, glass is produced by heating silica sand to the melting point (sometimes combined with cullet or recycled glass) and then drawn, floated, or blow molded to the desired shape or thickness. Refractory materials are heated and then formed into bricks or other shapes for use in industrial applications.
Office - Buildings used for general office space, professional office, or administrative offices. Medical offices are included here if they do not use any type of diagnostic medical equipment (if they do, they are categorized as an outpatient health care building). This includes, but is not limited to: administrative or professional office, government office, mixed-use office, bank or other financial institution, medical office, sales office, contractor’s office (e.g., construction, plumbing, HVAC), nonprofit or social services, city hall or city center, religious office, and call center. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Other and Vacant - buildings that are industrial or agricultural with some retail space; buildings having several different commercial activities that, together, comprise 50 percent or more of the floorspace, but whose largest single activity is agricultural, industrial/manufacturing, or residential; buildings in which more floorspace was vacant than was used for any single commercial activity at the time of interview. Therefore, a vacant building may have some occupied floorspace; and all other miscellaneous buildings that do not fit into any other category. This includes, but is not limited to: airplane hangar, crematorium, laboratory, telephone switching, agricultural with some retail space, manufacturing or industrial with some retail space, data center, or server farm. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Other processing - processing other that conveying, extruding, materials handling, materials processing, materials shaping, process heating, product transfer, screening/filtration/separation, and wastewater management.
Paper and Allied Products - Industries in the Paper Manufacturing subsector make pulp, paper, or converted paper products. The manufacturing of these products is grouped together because they constitute a series of vertically connected processes. More than one is often carried out in a single establishment. There are essentially three activities. The manufacturing of pulp involves separating the cellulose fibers from other impurities in wood or used paper. The manufacturing of paper involves matting these fibers into a sheet. Converted paper products are made from paper and other materials by various cutting and shaping techniques and include coating and laminating activities. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Petroleum and Coal Products - The Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of crude petroleum and coal into usable products. The dominant process is petroleum refining that involves the separation of crude petroleum into component products through such techniques as cracking and distillation. In addition, this subsector includes establishments that primarily further process refined petroleum and coal products and produce products, such as asphalt coatings and petroleum lubricating oils. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Plastic and Rubber Products - Industries in the Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing subsector make goods by processing plastics materials and raw rubber. The core technology employed by establishments in this subsector is that of plastics or rubber product production. Plastics and rubber are combined in the same subsector because plastics are increasingly being used as a substitute for rubber; however, the subsector is generally restricted to the production of products made of just one material, either solely plastics or rubber. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Primary Metals - Industries in the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector smelt and/or refine ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or scrap, using electrometallurgical and other process metallurgical techniques. Establishments in this subsector also manufacture metal alloys and superalloys by introducing other chemical elements to pure metals. The output of smelting and refining, usually in ingot form, is used in rolling, drawing, and extruding operations to make sheet, strip, bar, rod, or wire, and in molten form to make castings and other basic metal products. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Printing and Related Support - Industries in the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector print products, such as newspapers, books, labels, business cards, stationery, business forms, and other materials, and perform support activities, such as data imaging, platemaking services, and bookbinding. The support activities included here are an integral part of the printing industry, and a product (a printing plate, a bound book, or a computer disk or file) that is an integral part of the printing industry is almost always provided by these operations. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Process/equipment cooling - cooling equipment, materials, process lines, and auxiliary equipment.
Process heating - heating materials and/or process lines to a desired temperature as part of the manufacturing process.
Product transfer - moving a final product from one location to another (e.g., stocking in a warehouse).
Public Assembly - buildings in which people gather for social or recreational activities, whether in private or non-private meeting halls. This includes, but is not limited to: social or meeting (e.g., community center, lodge, meeting hall, convention center, senior center), recreation (e.g., gymnasium, health club, bowling alley, ice rink, field house, indoor racquet sports), entertainment or culture (e.g., museum, theater, cinema, sports arena, casino, nightclub), library, funeral home, student activities center, armory, exhibition hall, broadcasting studio, and transportation terminal. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Public Order and Safety - buildings used for the preservation of law and order or public safety. This includes, but is not limited to: police station, fire station, jail/reformatory/penitentiary, and courthouse or probation office. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Pump - equipment designed to move liquids (which may include entrained gases, free solids, and totally dissolved solids) by physical or mechanical action. (U.S. Department of Energy, 2015)
Refrigeration compressors - a mechanical device that employs the vapor-compression cycle to move heat from a higher reservoir to a lower one for the effect of cooling the higher reservoir. A chiller is a common example of a refrigeration compressor.
Religious worship - buildings in which people gather for religious activities, (such as chapels, churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples).
Screening/Filtration/Separation - physical separation of one material from another based on physical size.
Service - buildings in which some type of service is provided, other than food service or retail sales of goods. This includes, but is not limited to: vehicle service or vehicle repair shop, vehicle storage/ maintenance (car barn), repair shop, dry cleaner or laundromat, post office or postal center, car wash, gas station, photo processing shop, beauty parlor or barber shop, tanning salon, copy center or printing shop, and kennel. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Space cooling - cooling of a physical space for the purposes of maintaining desired ambient temperature and humidity, often for the purposes of human comfort.
Space heating - heating of a physical space for the purposes of maintaining desired ambient temperature, often for the purposes of human comfort.
Synchronous belt - a belt type that is toothed and requires the installation of mating grooved sprockets. These are also called cog belts. (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012)
Textile Mills - industries in the Textile Mills subsector group establishments that transform a basic fiber (natural or synthetic) into a product, such as yarn or fabric that is further manufactured into usable items, such as apparel, sheets, towels, and textile bags for individual or industrial consumption. The further manufacturing may be performed in the same establishment and classified in this subsector, or it may be performed at a separate establishment and be classified elsewhere in manufacturing. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Textile Product Mills - industries in the Textile Product Mills subsector group establishments that make textile products (except apparel). With a few exceptions, processes used in these industries are generally cut and sew (i.e., purchasing fabric and cutting and sewing it to make non-apparel textile products, such as sheets and towels). (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Transportation Equipment - Industries in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector produce equipment for transporting people and goods. Transportation equipment is a type of machinery. An entire subsector is devoted to this activity because of the significance of its economic size in all three North American countries. Establishments in this subsector utilize production processes similar to those of other machinery manufacturing establishments — bending, forming, welding, machining, and assembling metal or plastic parts into components and finished products. However, the assembly of components and subassemblies and their further assembly into finished vehicles tends to be a more common production process in this subsector than in the Machinery Manufacturing subsector. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)
Unable to collect - The assessment team was unable to collect or request this information. This is different from “do not know” or “no,” where the team was able to request the information.
V-belt - a belt type that uses a trapezoidal cross section to create a wedging action on the pulleys to increase friction and improve the belt’s power transfer capability. (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012)
Warehouse and Storage - buildings used to store goods, manufactured products, merchandise, raw materials, or personal belongings (such as self-storage). This includes, but is not limited to: refrigerated warehouse, non-refrigerated warehouse, and distribution or shipping center. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1999, 2003, 2012)
Wastewater management - any process or equipment associated with the treatment of wastewater for safe disposal or transfer offsite. This does not include distribution of wastewater outside of the facility.
Wood Products - Industries in the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture wood products, such as lumber, plywood, veneers, wood containers, wood flooring, wood trusses, manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes), and prefabricated wood buildings. The production processes of the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector include sawing, planing, shaping, laminating, and assembling of wood products starting from logs that are cut into bolts, or lumber that then may be further cut, or shaped by lathes or other shaping tools. The lumber or other transformed wood shapes may also be subsequently planed or smoothed, and assembled into finished products, such as wood containers. The Wood Product Manufacturing subsector includes establishments that make wood products from logs and bolts that are sawed and shaped, and establishments that purchase sawed lumber and make wood products. With the exception of sawmills and wood preservation establishments, the establishments are grouped into industries mainly based on the specific products manufactured. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No date)